Schizophrenia A Possible Etiology - 1590 Words

Schizophrenia: A Possible Etiology? As for me, you must know I shouldn’t precisely have chosen madness if there had been any choice. What consoles me is that I am beginning to consider madness as an illness like any other, and that I accept it as such. -in a letter to his brother Theo According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly 20% of the US population may suffer from a diagnosable mental illness in any given six month period (1991). Obviously the issue of mental health warrants close scrutiny, as such illness can translate into lost work days and lost dollars. From a health care perspective, many of those suffering can be relieved of their symptoms and return to normal life, so to speak. Schizophrenia,†¦show more content†¦Too strong of a signal or one given at an inappropriate time could strengthen inaccurate connections, ones that frequently don’t receive as much attention. Thus, hyperactive CA1 neurons through DA could reinforce fantasies and trivia and cause the delusions and hallucinations of paranoid schizophrenia. (Of course, the premorbid patterns would have an effect.) (Krieckhaus, Donhoe, Morgan, 1992). When does the system go awry in schizophrenia? Unlike Parkinsonism or Huntington’s, both chronic and progressive diseases, increasing evidence points to a defective neurodevelopmental process. Brain imaging techniques have exposed a variety of structural abnormalities in persons suffering from schizophrenia, and Weinberger’s monozygotic twin studies suggest that the structural differences seen in the affected twin were likely the result of developmental defects and not genetics (Kandel). Brains of schizophrenics have shown enlarged lateral ventricles (Nasralleh, 1993) that are associated with prominent prodromal symptoms (Wright, Gill, and Murray, 1993; Randel). They also have exhibited enlarged third ventricles (Nasralleh, 1993; Wright, Gill, and Murray, 1993; Kandel), present at the onset of illness and associated with both obstetric complications (see below) and prodromal symptoms (Nasralleh, 1993). Also demonstrated were hypoplasia of medial/limbic temporal structur es, especially the hippocampus, and again present at the onsetShow MoreRelatedDiagnosis For The Etiology Of Schizophrenia821 Words   |  4 PagesIn the search for the etiology of schizophrenia, several possibilities have been investigated, including psychodynamic, autoimmune, and genetic, but two have been long pitted against each other: neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative. While there is evidence for both processes, current research is more supportive of a neurodevelopmental etiology. However, schizophrenia will likely not be explained by a single process. Since the current study did not include longitudinal studies, it is difficultRead MoreA Brief Description of Schizophrenia1135 Words   |  5 Pagesschizophrenia.com schizophrenia is a complex, debilitating mental disorder that 1-2% of the world population experience. It is a disorder of the brain that affects how people think, feel, and perceive. The purpose of this paper is to explore schizophrenia, in particular its si gns, symptoms, etiology and pathophysiology, and then examine drug treatment and their mechanism of action. This will be followed by the prognosis for people with schizophrenia. Signs and Symptoms Early signs of schizophrenia includeRead MoreClinical And Clinical Research Project1344 Words   |  6 Pagescognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. As the clinical symptoms of this disorder emerge during early adulthood, abnormal developmental processes are thought to contribute to the pathos-physiology of the disorder. It was discovered the the DA intervention of the prefrontal cortex undergoes significant change up until adulthood which leads to Finlay’s hypothesis that the abnormal development of this system may be related to the emergence of schizophrenia. Experimental and clinical researchRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia843 Words   |  4 Pages People who suffered from schizophrenia were once mistaken to be â€Å"dangerous† and untreatable. For this reason, they were often institutionalized and removed from society (DiRocco). The causes of this mental psychotic disorder has been much more understood over the past decade resulting in th e possibility for people with schizophrenia to live more average lives. Development of treatments, such as medication and various forms of psychotherapies, have been effective in treating symptoms and common comorbidRead MoreGlutamatergic And Gabaergic Dysfunction Case Study1517 Words   |  7 PagesGlutamatergic and GABAergic Dysfunction: Predisposing Factors in Schizophrenia? Academic consensus regarding the etiology of most mental disorders is often tough to achieve due to a myriad of polygenic effects and complex gene-environment interactions; however, certain disorders such as Schizophrenia pose even more difficulty. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric condition that is marked by various positive and negative symptoms that cause fluctuations in cognitive ability and impose distorted experiencesRead MoreThe Direct Genetic Loci Accounting For Schizophrenia s Heritability Is Still Unidentified1395 Words   |  6 Pagessome form of potential risk. Compared to other mental disorders, schizophrenia is unique to having a combination of many different environmental, genetic, and biological factors. The exact cause of the disease is still unknown, but studies such as biometric and molecular screenings have proved genetic and biological factors, combined with environmental factors, is strongly connected to the etiology of the disease. Although schizophrenia is more commonly manifested during young adulthood, scientistsRead MoreNeururopsychiatric Disorders Case Study1356 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Despite strong progress in our understanding of psychiatric disorders, moving away from psychological theories of unstable ego or bad mothering1 to clear physical pathologies, the exact etiology of psychiatric diseases remains elusive. The advancements in in-vivo brain imaging and micro-array studies in the past decades have revealed much about the macroscopic and microscopic physical alterations that are happening in human patients, and has put forward a new etiological candidate: myelinRead MoreA Comparison Between Schizophrenia And Bipolar Spectrum Disorder1518 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract A comparison between schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorder focusing on history, etiology, treatment, and symptoms of each disease will introduce the concept of the Continuum Disease Model (CDM) as a basis for further debate and discussion on the controversial designation of schizoaffective disorder (bipolar type/depressive type). The concept of a possible connection between distinct disorders is strongly disputed between many experts due to presence of manic or hypomanic episodes asRead MoreStrengths and Weaknesses of the Biological Model and Environmental Model in Determining the Etiology of Schizophrenia3559 Words   |  15 Pagesto account for the etiology of schizophrenia. These two models, which are antecedents of the different developmental perspectives, explain how these perspectives differ and how they can be applied to gain better knowledge of the etiology of psychopathology. It is crucial to regard them in this way so as to identify their weaknesses and strengths. Biological Model and Schizophrenia Numerous scholars adopt several variants of the stress-vulnerability model of schizophrenia, and one of the mostRead MoreAccording to NAMI (), schizophrenia is a long term mental illness that interferes with a person’s1100 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to NAMI (), schizophrenia is a long term mental illness that interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, make decisions, and relate to others, impairing a person from functioning to their full potential when left untreated. For these persons affected, it is many times difficult to distinguish what is real from what is not. â€Å"Unfortunately, no single simple course of treatment exists.† Research has linked schizophrenia to a multitude of possible causes† (NAMI). As stated by NIHM

Figuring Out Fertilizers Creating A Practical Chemical...

Figuring out Fertilizers: Creating a Practical Chemical Fertilizer Author: Michaela Buchanan Group Members: Grant Kresge, Kirk Martinson Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to create an aqueous chemical fertilizer with the mass composition of 0.80% nitrogen, 0.50% phosphorous, 0.10% potassium, and 0.20% sulfur4 and a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. The criterion of mass percent composition was addressed by conducting molarity, stoichiometry, and unit conversion calculations to determine the mass of chemicals which should be used. Solubility rules were addressed to hypothesize a combination of chemical compounds which would contain the required elements but produce no precipitant. The use of a strong acid, in this case HCl, was implemented to control the pH in the final fertilizer solution. This experiment produced an aqueous fertilizer with no precipitants which had a final pH of 7 after the addition of 0.50 mL of HCl. The validation of the initially stated hypothesis through experimental results suggested that the technique used in this experiment was both effective and practical for creating a chemical fertilizer. Introduction: Agriculture was a cornerstone of human civilization since the beginnings of organized societies. Therefore, the ability to increase the health and yield of crops was always of great interest to civilizations universally. Chemistry can be a great tool in the field of agriculture as is exemplified by the use of fertilizers in modern farmingShow MoreRelatedBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pageselve years after the disaster, Union Carbide became part of the Dow Chemical w Corporation, which flatly refused to assume any liabilities in India - or clean up the toxic poisons left behind saying that it was the responsibility of the Madhya Pradesh state government which had taken over the site. Today twenty five years since that fateful night, lakhs of people still living in the vicinity of the factory are exposed to toxic chemicals that continue to leach from tonnes of waste lying within the UCILRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages................ ........................................................................... 107 Creating Helpful Definitions ............................................................................................................ 110 Different Definitions for Different Purposes .............................................................................. 111 How to Avoid Errors when Creating Definitions ..................................................................... 115 Review of MajorRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesAPRIL 2007 14 Departments 12 COMPANY INDEX 14 FROM THE EDITOR 53 2006 MCKINSEY AWARDS AND 2007 MCKINSEY JUDGES 20 What the Boss Wants from You What should CEOs and their direct reports expect from each other? When Larry Bossidy laid out his views to a group of young executives, they couldn’t take notes fast enough. You don’t have to write down what he said, though, because Larry has done it for you here. And it will be on the exam. 88 STRATEGIC HUMOR 111 TOOL KIT The ProcessRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesthe team 9.3.2 Team building activities 9.2.4 Virtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards Defining the Project 4.1 Project charter 5.1 Gather requirements 5.2 Defining scope 5.3 Creating a WBS 5.4 Tools and techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict managementRead MoreIntroduction to Materials Management169665 Words   |  679 Pageslumbering, fishing, and using these resources to manufacture useful products. There are many stages between the extraction of resource material and the final consumer product. At each stage in the development of the final product, value is added, thus creating more wealth. If ore is extracted from the earth and sold, wealth is gained from our efforts, but those who continue to transform the raw material will gain more and usually far greater wealth. Japan is a prime example of this. It has very few natural

Next Day Aging Next Essay Example For Students

Next Day Aging Next Essay Next Day Aging Is aging a true moral dilemma or just harsh criticism of society? The poem Next Day by Randell Jarrell and Ulysses by Lord Tennyson Alfred are good examplesof what role society plays in wht one feels they should look like, act like, and the differences between sexes and aging. In the Next Day poem by Randell Jarrell the woman is most devastated by aging. She feels that society giver her less respect and she is pushed aside because she has aged and lost her youth and vitality. when at her friends funeral, what she sees is an aged cold body. Feeling of fear that aged and cold is all she is becoming. She feels at a loss. That because she has aged, she has lost everything that counts as a person. I feel it is obvious that this woman is desperate for something more in her life, but first she needs to realize that because you have aged does not mean your dying. It should be shown from society that your matured and experienced, with everything to offer from your mind and not just your body.In Ulysses by Lord Tennyson Alfred, there is a man who feels he is missing something in his life. Instead of living depressed and feeling hopeless, as the woman in Next Day, he decided to do something about it, by sailing off to find his new world. This is what the woman in the Next Day should be doing instead of sulking.The differences between the sexes in societies eyes, in my opinion, are when men age, they become intelligent, wise, handsome and distinguished. When women age they become old, wilted and big money makers for large cosmetic companies. If this perception could change we all could be a closer step to a perfect life in society.

The Heroin Epidemic free essay sample

With these statistics its very clear how out of control the drug problem has become in Monroe. Heroin is derived from orphine which is a natural substance found in the seedpod of the Asian opium poppy plant. With long term use the user not only gets mentally addicted to the drug, their bodys also become physically dependent on it. According to the website drugfreeworld. org, New painkillers came on the market with approval from the Food and Drug Administration: Vicodin In 1984, OxyContin In 1995, and Percocet In 1999. These are synthetic (or man-made) opiates which rnlmlc (Imitate) the bodys own painkillers. All of these synthetic opioids are also very addictive, and they all cause he same intense withdrawal symptoms that heroin does. After the introduction of OxyContin, and Percocet, Pain Management Clinics soon followed. Pain Management Clinics are doctors offices that have the sole purpose of treating patients with chronic pain, usually by use of opiate pain medication. We will write a custom essay sample on The Heroin Epidemic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of these doctors became greedy and realized that this could be a great way to capitalize. It cant be proven but some argue that these doctors knowing the high rate of addiction to these medications, began prescribing them to anyone, knowing that the patient would have to come back to see them when they ran out. The state and local officials soon became aware of this but the fact that Its extremely hard to prove whether or not a person Is really suffering from severe pain, made It extremely hard for officials to addiction especially heroin addiction its very hard to understand what leads to it, and why people will do Just about anything to get their next fix. With long term use the user not only gets mentally addicted to the drug, their bodys also become physically dependent on it. Intense withdrawals generally set in within 24 hours from their last use and get worse over the first few days. Withdrawal symptoms include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, sleeplessness, and intense anxiety. When in full blown withdrawal the user becomes very desperate. Facing both the mental and physical effects, they will generally do anything they have to do to acquire their next fix. I interviewed 5 recovering addicts in the Monroe area who are all in a program of recovery now but did not wish to have their names mentioned. One of the female interviewees stated, When youre going through withdrawals from heroin, your whole existence is revolved around how youre going to get your next fix. I would do nything to achieve that goal, whether it be steeling from friends, family, stores, or even selling my body if I became desperate enough. She claims, Looking back now, its hard for me to believe that was me. Thats something I never would have even thought about doing Just a few short years before my addiction began. They all said that their opiate addiction actually started with prescription pain killers, 4 of them said they took some Vicodin they had found in a family members or parents home, and the fifth stated that he was prescribed Vicodin at the age of 13 when he broke is arm. They all agreed that they never meant to become addicted but couldnt resist the warm, calming, euphoria that the drug produced. Not knowing how addictive the pain medications could be, they all continued taking Vicodin until they were hooked. One gentleman stated It was all downhill from there. One day I ran out of the medication after a couple weeks of taking it and I felt awful. Monroe was greatly affected by this in the case of Dr. Oscar Linares. In March of 2011 the DEA, along with local and state police raided Dr. Linares office. According to Monroenews. om Federal, state and local officials raided the office of Dr. Oscar Linares in a strip mall on Laplaisance Rd. Wednesday following a 15-month investigation. Dr. Linares, 53, was arrested and charged with unlawfully distributing prescription drug controlled substances, including OxyContin. He also was to be charged with health care fraud, according to U. S. Attorney Barbara L. McQuade. This left a huge void in Monroe, many people were now addicted to prescription painkillers and now had nowhere to get them. While some found other doctors a majority of them found Heroin, a much stronger, cheaper form of the drug that is ery easily obtained on the streets. In 2013 the Monroe News started a campaign to aid with awareness in young teens. With articles like the two mentioned above and the very dramatic but real stories dubbed Heroin: the drug of choice which are real life stories of how the drug has affected others in this town. The goal was to raise awareness in young people in hopes that something they read or hear in the articles might sway them from ever trying heroin or prescription painkillers. The Monroe Police are also taking some measures to help control the ever-growing problem. Monroe County Sheriff, Dale Malone made a cry for help saying, The problem, he said, is not with a lack of urgency; the issue is a lack of man power. To help counter that, Sheriff Malone said the community needs to help by calling in suspicious activity Kapp to oversee Mantis, the local Narcotics Investigation Unit. Lt. Kapp states, Heroin is the main target for local Narcotics Police Teams. With time Monroe will know whether or not their new tactics were effective. Many of the towns people hope that their city can find a way to control the problem thats been ravishing their quiet community before it claims another life.